THE BIRTH OF THE LORD – Mass of the day
GOD HAS REVEALED HIS JUSTICE
From the beginning, humankind’s history—the Bible tells us—is a series of sins. In Genesis Chapter 6, the sacred author, with a bold anthropomorphism, says: "The Lord saw how great was the wickedness of man on earth and that evil was always the only thought of his heart. The Lord regretted having created man on the earth and his heart grieved" (Gen 6:5-6).
In the fullness of time, God has intervened to bring about justice. The Responsorial Psalm (97:1-6) proposed to us by the liturgy today says to reveal his justice to the eyes of the people. We know of only one justice, the forensic one, the remunerative justice administered by judges in courts where punishments proportionate to the crime committed are applied. This is not God’s justice. "He is God and not man" (Hos 11:9). God does not respond to sin with retaliation and revenge but by giving the most extraordinary proof of his love, giving to the world his Son.
Some theology of the past recklessly applied to God our justice and presented him as an executioner. It resulted in a Christian dispenser of fear, not an announcer of the Kingdom, which is “justice, peace and joy” (Rom 14:17).
At Christmas, God reveals the immensity of His unconditional love. This is his justice. All people are invited to contemplate with wonder and let themselves be freed from fear because "there is no fear in love. Perfect love drives away fear, for fear has to do with punishment: those who fear do not know perfect love"(1 Jn 4:18).
"Oh Lord, how different from mine is your righteousness."
First Reading: Isaiah 52:7-10
How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings glad tidings, announcing peace, bearing good news, announcing salvation, saying to Zion, “YourGod is King!”
Hark! Your sentinels raise a cry, together they shout for joy, for they see directly, before their eyes, the Lord restoring Zion. Break out together in song, O ruins of Jerusalem! For the Lord comforts his people, he redeems Jerusalem. The Lord has bared his holy arm in the sight of all the nations; all the ends of the earth will behold the salvation of our God
On a dramatic day of July in the year 587 B.C, the soldiers of Nebuchadnezzar opened a breach in the walls of Jerusalem and entered the city. They burned the temple, the royal palace, and the houses. They took all non-disabled men prisoners and deported them to Babylon. They left alive in the country just a few of the poor as tenants and farmers (2 K 25:8-12).
In Babylon, the first years were hard, painful, and sad. The lyrics of the exile’s famous song is its melancholy echo: "By the streams of Babylon, we sat and wept as we remembered Zion" (Ps 137:1). A disturbing question was added to the bitterness, humiliation of the defeat, the pain of losing loved ones, nostalgia for the land: why has the Lord abandoned us into the hands of our enemies?
They unanimously concluded that the dull and foolish rulers who had governed them were primarily responsible for the disaster. They had not listened to the prophets but instead had led them to ruin. But we, too, are guilty. We become ensnared and are responsible for too many iniquities. Who now can be free from slavery? Will the Lord always be angry with us? Has he repudiated his bride Israel forever?
The Lord's answer was immediate: "Who could abandon his first beloved?” - says your God – “For a brief moment I have abandoned you, but with great tenderness, I will gather my people ... Though the mountains may depart and the hills be moved, but never will my love depart from you" (Is 54:6-10).
In fact, the Lord "has not forgotten his love or his faithfulness to Israel" (Ps 98:3) but has decided to free his people. It is at this point of the story that our reading is inserted. A prophet sent by God to preach the word of consolation to his people appears in Babylon. He is so convinced of the faithfulness of the Lord that he speaks as if the exile had already ended. The future for him is already a reality. He sees the caravan of exiles heading to Jerusalem. A messenger precedes her; he runs as if he had wings on his feet because he wants to be the first to give the good news of the arrival of the deportees.
The prophet imagines himself contemplating the scene from the top of the mountain overlooking Jerusalem and exclaims: "How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of those who bring good news, who herald peace and happiness, who proclaim salvation" (Is 52:7).
Then the ‘dream’ continues. Joy explodes in the city. What happens? He observes and sees the sentries who, from the top of the wall, examine the horizon. Suddenly, behold they run to proclaim good news to all: they recognize the exiles returning from Babylon in the column of approaching people.
At this point, the scene becomes great: The sentries see the Lord at the head of the caravan, which triumphantly advances. It is he who leads his people to Jerusalem (v. 8). He has never abandoned her. In a vision, the prophet Ezekiel saw the glory of the Lord departing the destroyed holy city and following his people fled into exile (Ezk 10:18-19; 11:22-23). Now they return together.
Slavery is over; suffering and humiliation are ended. The wicked leaders and kings, the villainous shepherds who had exploited and oppressed the people, are gone forever. A new era starts, a realm in which the Lord will be established to guide his people.
The reading concludes with an invitation directed by the Prophet to the ruins of Jerusalem: "Break into shouts of joy" (v. 9). The ruined walls will be rebuilt, and all the peoples of the earth will behold, amazed at the incredible work that the God of Israel was able to accomplish (v. 10).
This is the ‘dream’ of the Prophet recounted in the reading. What happened after that? Around 520 B.C., a group of exiles left Babylon; however, there was no explosion of joy upon their arrival at Jerusalem. Their return was anything but a triumph. The reception was very cold; quarrels broke out between residents and the newly arrived. Was the prophet mistaken, was he fooled?
The people began to understand. The return from Babylon was only the image of another deliverance that God intended to accomplish. Israel would have preferred that the prophecy was immediately and literally realized because she had understood it in a material sense. She thought that God would put his power at the disposal of her dreams of glory. She had got it wrong. It was another amazing ‘return’ that God had in mind; that one would provoke a universal, irrepressible joy.
Second Reading: Hebrews 1:1-6
Brothers and sisters: In times past, God spoke in partial and various ways to our ancestors through the prophets; in these last days, he has spoken to us through the Son, whom he made heir of all things and through whom he created the universe, who is the refulgence of his glory, the very imprint of his being, and who sustains all things by his mighty word. When he had accomplished purification from sins, he took his seat at the right hand of the Majesty on high, as far superior to the angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs.
For to which of the angels did God ever say: You are my son; this day I have begotten you? Or again: I will be a father to him, and he shall be a son to me? And again, when he leads the firstborn into the world, he says: Let all the angels of God worship him.
One does not speak only with the tongue. A darkened face, a smile, a simple glance, a caress, a handshake often communicates better than words what one has in mind and heart. A gift is loaded with messages, even when a card does not accompany it. Even silence can be a ‘word.’ In the famous story of Elijah’s encounter with God at Horeb, after saying that God was not in the mighty wind, the earthquake, and fire, the sacred text continues: "After the fire, the murmur of a gentle breeze" (1 K 19:12). It was God who manifested himself in the silence.
He intervenes in the world only through his Word. The reading tells us that he addresses people in many different ways.
In ancient times God spoke through creation. That, in return, creation speaks of God is entirely normal because it originated from his Word. In all events, in all the phenomena of nature, in the rising sun, in the rain that irrigates the fields, in the smooth turn and order of the stars, one can hear the message of God.
Whoever—perhaps distracted or entranced by the beauty of things—fails to capture this voice is called in biblical language ‘foolish.’ Not evil or guilty, but ‘fool,’ that is because, in his stupidity, he, unfortunately, misses the meaning of everything that exists and happens. The author of the Book of Wisdom observes: "The natural helplessness of humans is seen in their ignorance of God. The experience of good things did not lead them to the knowledge of Him who is. They were interested in the works, but they did not recognize the author of them. If charmed by such beauty, they took them for gods, let them know how far superior is their sovereign” (Wis 13:1,3).
This way of communicating through creation, however, is imperfect. The people of Israel had the privilege of hearing the voice of God more clearly than the heathens: she heard it through the prophets (Hab 1:1). The Lord manifested to these holy men his thought so that they would communicate them to the people. Amos said, "Yet the Lord does nothing without revealing his plan to his servants, the prophets" (Am 3:7).
In the last few centuries before Christ, because of the unfaithfulness of man, heaven closes. God no longer sends His prophets, and the people endure the painful experience of God’s silence. The prophet Amos foretold it: "Men will stagger from sea to sea, wander to and fro, from north to east, searching for the word of the Lord, but they will not find it"(Am 8:12).
O Lord of hosts, how long will your anger burn against the prayers of your people? (Ps 79:5). The pious Israelite begged him, "Oh that you would rend the heavens and come down" (Is 63:20). When the fullness of time came, while we were still his enemies (Rom 5:6), God tore the heavens and sent into the world his son: his perfect image, his ‘Word’(vv. 2-3).
Jesus is the highest, most explicit, and most eloquent revelation of the Father. Seeing him, one sees the Father (Jn 14:9). He is the brightness that shone from the Father—even as Paul says—God who said, “Let light shine out of darkness has also made the light shine in our hearts to radiate and to make known the glory of God, as it shines in the face of Christ" (2 Cor 4:6).
The last part of the reading (vv. 4-6) stresses the incomparable superiority of the revelation obtained through Jesus. The Jews claimed that God had spoken to them using even the angels. The author of the letter argues: Jesus is vastly superior to the angels. As evidence, he cites three Scripture texts and concludes: "All the angels of God adore him.”
Gospel John 1:1-18
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came to be through him, and without him nothing came to be. What came to be through him was life, and this life was the light of the human race; the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it.
A man named John was sent from God. He came for testimony, to testify to the light, so that all might believe through him. He was not the light, but came to testify to the light. The true light, which enlightens everyone, was coming into the world.
He was in the world, and the world came to be through him, but the world did not know him. He came to what was his own, but his own people did not accept him.
But to those who did accept him he gave power to become children of God, to those who believe in his name, who were born not by natural generation nor by human choice nor by a man’s decision but of God.
And the Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us, and we saw his glory, the glory as of the Father’s only Son, full of grace and truth. John testified to him and cried out, saying, “This was he of whom I said, ‘The one who is coming after me ranks ahead of me because he existed before me.’” From his fullness we have all received, grace in place of grace, because while the law was given through Moses, grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. No one has ever seen God. The only Son, God, who is at the Father’s side, has revealed him.
All authors treat the first page of their books with particular emphasis because it constitutes the introduction to the whole work. It has to be pleasant and attractive, andgood in hinting at the essential issues that will be dealt with later. It is a way to whet the interest and curiosity of the reader.
To introduce his gospel, John composes a sublime hymn, so highly esteemed as to merit him the title of ‘eagle’ among the evangelists. In this prologue, as in the overture of a symphony, it is possible to glimpse the themes that will be taken up and developed in the following chapters: Jesus sent by the Father, source of life, the light of the world, full of grace and truth, the only Son in whom the glory of the Father is revealed.
In the first stanza (vv. 1-5), John seems to take off from an image dear to wisdom and rabbinic literature. The ‘Wisdom of God,’ for example, is depicted as a beautiful and delightful woman. Here's how the ‘Wisdom’ introduces herself in the book of Proverbs: "The Lord created me first at the beginning of his works…. The abyss did not exist when I was born. The mountains were not yet set in their place, nor the hills when I was born … I was there when he made the skies … when he made the sea with its limits … when he laid the foundation of the earth, I was close beside him" (Pro 8:22-29).
It is a personification echoed in the book of Sirach, which states that Wisdom embodied herself in the Torah, the Law, and set up her tent in Israel (Sir 24:3-8,22). John knows these texts well and—perhaps even with a bit of polemic against Judaism—he adopts them and applies them to Jesus. He is—he says—the Wisdom of God who came to make his dwelling among us. It's Jesus, and not the Mosaic Law, who reveals to people the face of God and his will. He is the Word, the last and final Word of God. He is the same Word by which God, in the beginning, created the world.
Not only that! Unlike the personified Wisdom in the Book of Sirach (Sir 24:9), the Word of God—that in Jesus became flesh—has not been created, but ‘was’ with God, existed from eternity, and was God. For Israel, Wisdom is "a tree of life to those who clasp it" (Prov 3:18). John makes it clear: the Wisdom of God manifested itself fully in the historical person of Jesus. He is the source of life; the Law is no longer its source.
The coming of God’s Word into the world divides history into two: before and after Christ, darkness without him, light where he is. The Word is like a sword; it penetrates deep within every person and separates in him what is ‘of light’ and what is ‘of darkness.’Darkness will try to overpower this light, but it will not succeed. Even if there is a negative response by people attempting to suffocate it, eventually, the light will prevail in the heart of each of us.
The second stanza (vv. 6-8) is the first narrative interlude that introduces the figure of John the Baptist. It does not say that ‘he was with God.’ John is just a man raised up by God for a mission. He was to witness to the light, but his role is so important that it is underlined three times. He was not that Light but was able to recognize the true light and point him out to all.
The third stanza (vv. 9-13) develops the theme of Christ—the light, and the people’s response to his appearance in the world. The hymn opens with a cry of joy: "The true light was coming to the world." Jesus is the true light, as opposed to all illusory glitter, wisps, mirages, and the misleading glow projected by the worldly wisdom of people. A lament immediately contradicts this enthusiastic cry: "the world did not know him." It highlights the rejection, opposition, and closure against the light. “People loved darkness rather than light because their deeds are evil” (Jn 3:19).
Not even the Israelites—'his own people’—welcome him. Yet they should have recognized in Jesus the ultimate manifestation, the embodiment of the ‘Wisdom of God,’that wisdom that ‘among all the people had sought a resting place in which to settle,’ and just in Israel, she had found her home. The Creator of the universe had given her this order: "Pitch your tent in Jacob; Israel will be your homeland" (Sir 24:8).
The rejection of light and life by people, even the most prepared and well-disposed, is surprising. Jesus, too, will be surprised one day by his own countrymen’s incredulity (Mk 6:6). This means that the light that comes from above is not imposed, does no violence, leaves free, but places before people an unavoidable decision: they must choose between "blessing and curse" (Deut 11:27), between "life and death" (Deut 30:15).
The verse ends with the optimistic vision of those who believed in the light. Believing does not mean giving one’s intellectual approval to a package of truth, but accepting a person, the Wisdom of God, who is Jesus. To those who trust in him shall be granted an unheard of ‘right’: to become children of God. It is the rebirth from above of which Jesus will speak to Nicodemus (Jn 3:3), a rebirth that has nothing to do with the natural birth linked to sexuality or man's will. The generation from God is of another order; it is the work of the Spirit.
The fourth stanza (v. 14): "And the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us" is the highlight of the whole prologue. They are the Gospel’s words that we will listen to on our knees. The first Christians are still full of admiration before the mystery of God who for love strips himself of his glory, empties himself, and takes up his abode in our tent (our humanity).
‘Flesh’ in biblical language indicates man in his weak, fragile, and perishable nature. One senses here the dramatic contrast between ‘flesh’ and ‘Word of God’ expressed so effectively in the famous passage from Isaiah: "All flesh is grass and all its beauty as the flower of the field. The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God will forever stand" (Is 40:6-8). When John says that the ‘Word’ became flesh, he does not simply state that he took a mortal body, overlaid with muscles, but he became one of us; he became like us in all things, including feelings, passions, emotions, cultural conditioning, tiredness, fatigue, ignorance—yes, also ignorance—and even temptations, the inner conflicts. Exactly like us in all things but sin.
"And we have seen his glory." The biblical man was conscious that the human eye is unable to see God. One may only contemplate his ‘glory,’ that is, the signs of his presence, his works, his acts of power in favor of his people. "I will have glory at the expense of Pharaoh, his army, his chariots, and horsemen" (Ex 14:18).
The expressions filled with the intense emotion of the first letter of John are echoed in this phrase of the prologue: "That which has been from the beginning, and what we have heard and have seen with our eyes, what we have looked at and touched with our hands, I mean the Word who is Life .... The Life made itself known, we have seen Eternal Life and we bear witness, and we are telling you of it. It was with the Father and made himself known to us. So we tell you, what we have seen and heard, that you may be in fellowship with us, and us, with the Father and his Son, Jesus Christ. And we write this that our joy may be complete" (1 Jn 1:1-4).
John speaks in the plural because he intends to report the experience of the Christians of his community. With the eyes of faith, they can grasp, beyond the veil of the ‘flesh’ of Jesus humiliated and crucified, the face of God. The Lord has often manifested His glory with signs and wonders, but he never revealed himself so clearly as in his "only begotten Son, full of grace and truth." "Grace and Truth" is a biblical expression thatmeans ‘faithful love.’ We find it in the Old Testament when the Lord appears to Moses as "the God full of pity and mercy, slow to anger and abounding in truth and loving-kindness" (Ex 34:6). The fullness of God's faithful love is present in Jesus. He is the irrefutable proof that nothing can overwhelm the goodness of God.
The fifth stanza (v. 15) is the second intermission. The Baptist reappears, and this time he speaks in the present tense: he ‘testifies’ on behalf of Jesus. He ‘shouts’ to people of all times that He, Jesus, is unique.
The sixth stanza (vv. 16-18) is a song of joy wherein the community's gratitude to God for the gift received overflows. Incomparable gift! The Law of Moses was also a gift of God but was not definitive. The external provisions it contained could not communicate the ‘grace and truth,’ that is, the force that enables man to respond to the faithful love of God. ‘Grace and truth’ are given through Jesus, and his name appears here for the first time.
No one has ever seen God. It is a statement that John often recalled (5:37; 6:46; 1 Jn 4:12.20). In the Old Testament, it is already found: "You cannot see my face—God says to Moses—because man cannot see me and live" (Ex 33:20). The events, apparitions, visions of God as told in the Old Testament were not material or physical visions. They were a human way of attempting to describe the revelations of the thoughts, the will, and the plans of the Lord.
But, in John’s Gospel, looking at Jesus, one can actually, concretely see God. To know the Father, one need not resort to philosophy or lose oneself in elaborate discussions. It is enough to contemplate Christ, to observe what he does, what he says, what he teaches, how he behaves, how he loves, whom he prefers, people he associates with, with whom he goes to dinner, whom he chooses, rebukes and defends. It’s enough, above all, to contemplate him in the height of his ‘glory’ when he was lifted up on the cross. In that highest manifestation of love, the Father has said it all.
READ: The prologue offers an overture to the entire Gospel. All the major themes of the Gospel can be found in these verses, which begin in eternity and end with the Word becoming flesh and returning to the bosom of the Father. Because it is poetry, the prologue can be appreciated only through repeated readings.
REFLECT: The prologue speaks of the relationship between the Word and God. The Word functions in creation. The Word becomes flesh and dwells amid the human family. John has a role to play in serving the Word.
PRAY: The Christian prays to God the Father through the Son. Thank God the Father for the gift of the Word.
ACT: Study the various verses of the prologue and look for the major themes of the Gospel.
